For longlasting, reinforcedconcrete structures exposed to the environment, low permeability concretes are required. Testing chloride penetration resistance of concrete fhwa. Three specimen of concrete each of 200mm dia and 120mm height are cast. Kim, jun wang, and yongcheng ji aci materials journal, v. Jan 05, 2015 durability and permeability of concrete 1. Durability durability is the ability to last a long time without significant deterioration. History of the rapid chloride permeability test semantic scholar. Prediction of rapid chloride permeability of selfcompacting concrete using multivariate adaptive regression spline and minimax probability machine regression. The penetration of chlorine ions into concrete may lead to the corrosion of reinforcement and hence weaken the structures and also adversely affect durability of concrete. Pdf a virtual rapid chloride permeability test researchgate. Central materials lab to determine the chloride permeability of concrete. Information from the concrete mix designs was then used along with the aggregate gradations.
Determination of the concrete chloride diffusion coefficient. Full text of rapid determination of the chloride permeability of concrete see other formats. A modified rapid chloride permeability test rcpt method to. The rapid chloride permeability test measures the charge passed through the concrete slice when one side of the specimen is in contact with a sodium chloride solution and the other side is in contact with a sodium hydroxide solution. Reference astm c120297 standard test method for electrical indication of concrete s ability to resist chloride ion penetration, american society for testing and materials, west conshohocken, pa 2001. Chloride permeability characteristics of concrete can be reliably determined with the prooveit hm723 rapid chloride permeability tester. Effect of concrete materials on permeability of concrete. To develop a suitable method for the measurement of the permeability of concrete to gas or water and to determine the effects of mix proportions and curing. Determination of the chloride diffusion coefficient in blended cement mortars. Effect of cement type on the resistance of concrete. Concrete permeability was measured on cores according to astm c 1202, standard test method for electrical indication of concretes ability to resist chloride ion penetration. Simplified concrete resistivity and rapid chloride permeability test method.
The study of chloride permeability in concrete is of importance when concrete is subjected to chlorine atmosphere such as saline nature, chlorinemanufacturing plants etc. Figure 2 shows the ability of a specific slag cement to reduce the permeability of concrete as measured by the rapid chloride permeability test. Evaluation of rapid determination of the chloride permeability of. Precision of the nordic test methods for measuring the chloride. Laboratory investigation of lightweight concrete properties. Early notable lwc structures include the port of cosa, the pantheon dome, and the coliseum. Principal research scientist introduction lightweight concrete lwc has been used for more than 2,000 years aci 2r american concrete institute aci, 2003. Improved method for measuring the chloride permeability of. Therefore, the resistance to penetration of chloride ions into concrete must be known for design as well as quality control purposes and, in order to assess this resistance to chloride penetration, test methods are needed to allow the determination of representative values in a reasonable time. A virtual rapid chloride permeability test sciencedirect.
Rapid chloride permeability of concrete overview the measurement data can be used to estimate the chloride diffusion coefficient of concrete for the service life prediction and durabilitybased design of concrete structures as well as the durabilitybased quality control of concrete. Improved method for measuring the chloride permeability of concrete deterioration of concrete bridge decks is a visible result of corrosion of the reinforcing steel within the concrete. Test results show that the chloride permeability of concrete increases as wc ratio increases whilst a limited amount of replacement of cement with silica fune, the chloride permeability decreases dramatically. Standard method of test for rapid determination of the chloride permeability of concrete, aasht washington d. Astm c 1202 electrical indication of concretes ability to resist chloride ion penetration is a rapid test that indirectly measures the permeability of concrete. The original test method may be found in fhward81119, rapid determination of the chloride permeability of concrete. Chemical composition of pore solution has little to do with the transport of chloride ions in the concrete. Rapid chloride permeability test for durability studies on. Pdf the rapid chloride permeability test rcpt, as it is commonly.
To establish the feasibility of obtaining concordant results in a number of participating laboratories. A committee was set up in 1981 by the cembureau working party on the quality of concrete with the following aims and objectives. Effect of cement type on the resistance of concrete against. The aci 318 building code addresses an exposure condition table 4. This test method subjects a 4 inch 102 mm diameter by 2 inch 50.
Some individuals believe the term permeability is not appropriate when referring to the. In chloride containing environment, chloride permeability of concrete is a very important quality parameter affecting the. Standard cylindrical disc specimens of size 100 mm diameter and 50 mm thick after 90 days water curing were. Pdf rapid estimation of chloride diffusion coefficient. Introduction reinforced concrete structures are exposed to. A key step for increasing bridge deck service life is to develop lower rapid chloride permeability rcp concrete mixtures. Abstractthis paper presents new models to predict chloride penetration into selfcompacting concrete scc using the rapid chloride penetration test rcpt. The rcpt standards specify the rating of chloride permeability of concrete based on the charge passing through the specimen during a 6h test. All mix parameters including gradation and quantities of different aggregates were held constant in different mixes.
The rapid chloride permeability apparatus is a laboratory test device for the measurement of the electrical resistance of concrete against the penetration of chloride rcpt according to the standard methods such as astm c1202, aashto t277 and astm c1760. The determination of the permeability of concrete to oxygen. For a userspecified concrete mixture, an estimate of the concrete \s formation factor is obtained from an equation developed previously. After 24 hours, the middle portion of 100mm dia is roughened and the remaining portion is sealed with cement paste. Tests and criteria for concrete resistant to chloride ion penetration. The test results show that the addition of glass fibres exhibit better performance. Res 2041 determining concrete chloride permeability rapidly and effectively. Standard test method for electrical indication of concretes. Aashto t277, standard method of test for rapid determination of the chloride permeability of concrete astm c1202, standard test method for electrical indication of concretes ability to resist chloride ion penetration many concrete structures are built today with specifications calling for lowpermeability concrete. Watersoluble chlorides from deicing salt or natural sources have been found to. The determination of chloride ion content in concrete has been performed as a standard procedure by the texas state department of highways and public transportation for a number of years. Rapid chloride permeability testing concrete construction. Say, a piece of concrete of thickness x mm is subjected to water pressure of p kpa for a time t. Understanding aashto t277 and astm c1202 rapid chloride.
Pdf the rapid chloride permeability test and its correlation to. Application of rapid chloride permeability test to evaluate. In res201007 optimum air content range plastic and hardened for tdot class d pcc, a typical class d pcc mixture. Rapid chloride permeability test on concrete with nano. Due to the long duration of the aashto t259astm c1543 6, 7 salt ponding test, a rapid test. Many aspects of concrete durability are improved by reducing the permeability of concrete. Testing and modelling chloride penetration in concrete. Durability and permeability of concrete 605 unit5 2. The astm c1202 standard test method for electrical indication of concretes ability to resist chloride ion penetration monitors the amount of electrical current that is passed through a cylindrical concrete specimen when a 60 v dc potential difference is applied across the specimen for a period of 6 h. Watersoluble chlorides from deicing salt or natural sources have been found to penetrate concrete over extended time periods.
For the chloride determination, assume that errors in the silver nitrate titration due to interfering substances in. Nordic countries, three rapid test methods were devel oped in the. The accelerated test of chloride permeability of concrete. The effect of minnesota aggregates on rapid chloride. In marine environments, concrete is subjected to chloride diffusion from the sea water.
This test method is applicable to types of concrete where correlations have been established between this test procedure and longterm chloride ponding procedures such as. Rapid chloride permeability apparatus non destructive. Jan 31, 2017 thanks for a2a, permeability of concrete as has already been defined by others is the ease with which water flows through concrete. Since that time, a number of agencies and institutions have used this concept to study the permeability of portland cement concrete and aashto has adopted this. Rapid chloride permeability testing of silicafume concrete. Dec 12, 2002 rapid chloride permeability testing corrosion of reinforcing steel due to chloride ingress is one of the most common environmental attacks that lead to the deterioration of concrete structures.
Determination of the chloride resistance of concrete, unidirectional diffusion 1530327125 dc bs en 15047. The chloride permeability of concrete is therefore one of the most signi. Characteristics and chloride permeability of internally cured. The chloride diffusion coefficient is an indication of the capacity of any type of concrete to resist chloride penetration and is used to predict the service life of reinforced concrete structures. Permeability test on concrete structures the constructor. This paper presents the data on the application of the rapid chloride permeability test rcpt to the evaluation of chloride ion penetration into the concretes with and without mineral admixtures. Rapid chloride permeability apparatus the rcpt was developed by the fha to evaluate chloride permeability characteristics in concrete structures. Reference astm c120297 standard test method for electrical indication of concretes ability to resist chloride ion penetration, american society for testing and materials, west conshohocken, pa 2001. Rapid chloride permeability test the rapid chloride permeability test for different concrete mixtures was carried out as per astm c1202 1997. Testing equipment for construction materials humboldt. To evaluate the sample, the chloride profile of the concrete is determined by mounting the sample in. Since the test method was developed, it has been modified and adapted by various agencies and standards organizations. The rapid chloride permeability test measures the charge passed through the concrete slice when one side of the specimen is in contact with a sodium chloride solution and the other.
Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures. Reference 7 reports chloride permeability with time of moist curing for plain and silica fume concretes. Rapid estimation of chloride diffusion coefficient in concrete article pdf available in magazine of concrete research 42152. Astm testssuch as rapid chloride permeability rcpt, bulk. Pdf simplified concrete resistivity and rapid chloride. Determination of the chloride diffusion coefficient in. Rapid chloride ion permeability of opc and ppcbased. The simple rapid chloride permeability test rcpt is performed on concrete specimens taken from cores or test cylinders. A means of supplying deaired water to the top surface of the concrete specimen contained within the permeameter cell at a constant pressure head of up to kpa. The equation was developed with data for watertocement ratios ranging from 0. Rapid chloride ion permeability of opc and ppcbased carbonated concrete article in journal of materials in civil engineering 245. The corrosion is initiated by the presence of chloride ions, which diffuse through the concrete after applications of deicing salt to the decks each winter. Testing chloride penetration resistance of concrete.
Aashto t277, standard method of test for rapid determination of the chloride permeability of concrete. Definitions, requirements, quality control and avcp. The purpose of this form is to estimate the results of a rapid chloride permeability test astm c1202 for a concrete mixture. The maximum aggregate size in the range of 8 to 25 mm seems also affect chloride permeability but with a much less significant level. Gives results of an investigation on the chloride ion permeability of concretes incorporating supplementary cementing materials, using the rapid determination of chloride permeability test aashto t27783. Res 2041 determining concrete chloride permeability. Its determination has been subject of intense study in the last 50 years and today there is no complete agreement in the methodologies used. Opc concretes, fly ash 30 % concretes, blastfurnace slag 50 % concretes and silica fume 10 % concretes were prepared. Testing equipment for construction materials giatec perma rapid chloride permeability perma is a laboratory test device for measuring the electrical resistance of concrete against the penetration of chloride rcpt according to the standard methods such. The astm c1202 test provides an indication of concrete resistance to the penetration of chloride. For a userspecified concrete mixture, an estimate of the concrete\s formation factor is obtained from an equation developed previously. New method development for evaluation concrete chloride ion. A machine was built based on specifications stated in whitings report in the iowa d.
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